At Easter Christians all over the world repeat the joyous affirmation of faith; “Christ is risen. He is risen indeed.” But then comes the question: “Okay, He is Risen. So where is He then?” And it’s not just the question of an inquisitive child, it should be a question for every adult and for every Christian too.
The Apostles’ Creed tells us –
On the third day He rose again from the dead; He ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from there He will come to judge the living and the dead.
So, Jesus is in heaven. But where is that and what does it mean that he “ascended”? It’s not just non-Christians who regard this as somewhat fanciful; many Christians struggle with this idea too. Does the Bible describe Jesus living on earth and then going into the heavens like a spaceman? Is this not something that belongs in the past when they believed in a three-tiered universe – heaven above, hell below and earth in the middle? Are we not so much wiser now?
This question is important for our non-Christian friends because Christians talk about ‘knowing Christ’, ‘having a personal relationship with Jesus’, ‘talking to Christ’, and wanting to introduce them to Jesus. Unless this is just spiritual code, or mumbo-mumbo we need to be able to say what it means. Surely it requires a real Jesus, with a real presence and not just some sentimental ‘Jesus living in my heart’!
The key to this is the biblical teaching about the Ascension. I have been enormously helped by Gerrit Scott Dawson’s book Jesus Ascended – the Meaning of Christ’s Continuing Incarnation. I have unashamedly relied on it for much of what follows.
What is the ascension?
It is stated simply in at the end of Luke’s gospel –
When [Jesus] had led them out to the vicinity of Bethany, he lifted up his hands and blessed them. While he was blessing them, he left them and was taken up into heaven. Then they worshipped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy. And they stayed continually at the temple, praising God. (Luke 24 – NIV)
The Ascension seems such a strange idea. It’s hard enough to believe that Jesus physically rose from the dead. But the idea that he physically rose to heaven seems far-fetched. The usual liberal dismissal of this is expressed by former Bishop Richard Holloway who says “Jesus is not coming back. And the best way to honour him on his birthday is to look for him not in the skies, but in the streets of our own town.” That’s one solution: deny the Ascension happened and spiritualise its meaning so that it becomes all about us.
However, for those who actually believe the Bible and don’t just make up their own faith, the teaching is quite clear. Two Greek words are used for Ascension. One talks about Christ ascending himself, reflecting the Old Testament’s Psalms of ascent (Psalm 120-134), the other talks about Christ being raised up. An early church statement of faith is expressed in Paul’s letter to Timothy: (1 Timothy 3:16)
Beyond all question, the mystery of godliness is great:
He appeared in a body,
was vindicated by the Spirit,
was seen by angels,
was preached among the nations,
was believed on in the world,
was taken up in glory.
There is the key. He was taken up in glory. He was taken up to glory. Again, what does that mean? Where did Jesus go? Where is he now?
Where did Jesus Ascend to?
The answer is ”Heaven”. The bible uses the term heaven or heavens in different ways. It can refer to the sky above, or the vast region of stars beyond our world, or another dimension altogether – the realm of God beyond all sense perception. The Ascension does not mean that Jesus is somewhere up there in the stars – where if only we could get a spacecraft which could travel far enough and quickly enough we would be able to get to him. Centuries ago John Calvin, put it clearly:
“What? Do we place Christ midway among the spheres? Or do we build a cottage for him among planets? Heaven we regard as the magnificent palace of God far outstripping all this world’s fabric.”
Heaven is the place where God is. He is of course everywhere, but this universe has been tainted by sin and it is therefore not, in Jurgen Moltmann’s phrase ‘totally pervaded by his glory’. Heaven is. To put it in modern terms, heaven is another universe. Out of this world, but nonetheless real.
What does the Ascension of Jesus tell us about Jesus?
Many Christians seem to think that the Ascension means the undoing of the incarnation. God became man in Jesus, and after Jesus ascended to heaven, he became God again, they think. C.S. Lewis observes that many people imagine Jesus “after death, simply returning into deity, so that the resurrection would be no more than a reversal or undoing of the incarnation.” This is an enormous error. When Jesus became man, he did not cease to be God, and when he ascended he did not cease to be man. He is still the God/Man and that has enormous practical consequences for us. Karl Barth said: “The son of God maintains our humanity to all eternity. It is a clothing which he does not put off. It is his temple which he does not leave. It is the form which he does not lose.” The dust of earth now sits on the throne of heaven.
What does it mean for us?
1) Jesus is not here
Jesus is not physically present with us in his body. He has gone. He is risen. We do not literally see his body, hear his voice or touch the holes in his hands. But that does not mean we cannot know him, hear him or be with him. We need to point out to our unbelieving friends that the argument ‘if only Jesus was here and I could see and hear him, then I would believe in him’, does not hold water. Why? Because most of the people who did see and hear Jesus did not believe in him. In fact, many of them crucified him! They and we, need something more.
2) He has sent his Spirit
We no longer have Jesus’ human voice on earth and the presence of his physical body on earth. But Christ still has a human voice and a physical body which we can communicate with. How? The answer is that he sent his Spirit.
When I became a granddad the problem was that my daughter was in Australia, but I wasn’t. I was physically separated from her, but through the wonders of modern technology I have saw my granddaughter and spoke to her and to my daughter. There is a sense in which the connection between the believer and Christ through the Holy Spirit is like the ultimate Zoom call. The bible uses the idea of being ‘in Christ’ to describe the intimacy of the connection in such a way that it parallels the intimacy of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Just as Zoom or Googlemeet collapses the distance between us and relatives on the other side of the world, so the Spirit collapses the distance between here and heaven so that we really are in Christ. When we sit at the Lord’s Table he really is there, when two or three gather he really is present. The Holy Spirit unites Christ and his Church in such a way, that although the ascended Lord is not everywhere, he is everywhere accessible.
Again to our unbelieving friends we point out that unless they are ‘born again/from above/of the Spirit’, they cannot even see the kingdom of God, never mind enter it. Becoming a Christian is not about adopting a way of life, religion or philosophy. It is about becoming connected to the living, risen, ascended Christ. Becoming part of his body. Knowing him, following him, serving him, loving him. It is the most dynamic and real of relationships.
3) Christ’s work continues
Jesus is still actively our Prophet, Priest and King.
As prophet He sends us his Word – the scriptures which are the living, breathing, cutting voice of Christ to us today as much as they were when they were written. Christ’s work also continues as priest. His sacrifice is finished, but his work of intercession continues. Hebrews 4 says:
“Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has gone through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to the faith we profess. For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathise with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are—yet was without sin. Let us then approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need.”
We really can approach the throne of grace. It’s not just some inner mystical experience. This is for real! When we take communion, it’s not just a symbol, nor is it the literal physical body of Jesus – but He is really present. We are connected to the whole Christ and fed by the whole Christ.
Jesus is also our king. Whatever our circumstances, however powerful our enemies appear to be – Christ reigns over all. His kingdom will come. Ephesians 1 says: “I pray also that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened in order that you may know the hope to which he has called you, the riches of his glorious inheritance in the saints, and his incomparably great power for us who believe. That power is like the working of his mighty strength, which he exerted in Christ when he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly realms, far above all rule and authority, power and dominion, and every title that can be given, not only in the present age but also in the one to come.” His reign is not theoretical or something we hope will come about, but real!
4) We have a glorious hope
“Our citizenship is in heaven. And we eagerly await a Saviour from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, who, by the power that enables him to bring everything under his control, will transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like his glorious body.” (Philippians 3 – NIV)
The Christian is always in the realm of the ‘now but not yet’. Christ reigns now, Christ is with us now, but there is more to come. There will come a day when our bodies will be renewed like his. We shall be like him for we shall see him as he is. This is not ‘pie in the sky when you die’ but ‘steak on your plate while you wait!’ It is because we are ‘in Christ’, it is because we know Christ the king, it is because we are assured of his return and ultimate victory that we can live in hope, serve the poor, weep with the broken, and share the Good News. We are now Christ’s body here on earth. He is our Head. We can do nothing without him. But we can do all things through him.
This is the wonder. The Spirit not only collapses distance, he also collapses time so that we connect with Christ in the past – we are with him on the Cross, Christ in the present and Christ in the future.
Some might say, that’s all very well but it sounds like high falutin’ theology… not much practical use. You are kidding! There is nothing more practical than this. Even in terms of evangelism and worship, when we are gathered together as the covenant community of Christ’s people, we need to know his presence in such a way that any unbeliever walking in falls down and says ‘truly God is among you’! This is only the foretaste, the first fruits. The best is yet to be. We long for his return, when everything shall be reconciled.
Maranatha. Even so come soon Lord Jesus.
Updated article (April 2025) from version originally published in Christian Today (
