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Four Key Principles for Apologetics

At its heart, apologetics is beautifully simple and intricately connected to the heart of the gospel. As I’ve wrestled with people’s questions, I’ve learned there are a number of basic principles that apply time and again, no matter who I’m talking with.

1. Know what you believe
This is a challenge for those of us raised in the Church, or who have been Christians for decades. Too often we give how-shaped answers to why-shaped questions. If somebody asks you why you are a Christian, giving a narrative of how you became one isn’t always helpful. Many of our friends want to know why you’re a Christian now, today, with all of the challenges to your faith that daily attack you. What’s your elevator speech for Christianity?

2. Rediscover the power of questions
We’ve tried to reduce evangelism to formulas or methodologies. But the most powerful form of sharing the gospel is talking to people. Learn to ask your friends what they believe (or don’t believe). If a colleague at work is a Muslim, try saying, “I’ve never really talked to a Muslim before. What do you believe?” Or if a friend self-describes as an atheist, respond, “ ‘Atheist’ tells me what you don’t believe. But what do you believe?” (As an aside, I happen to believe that “atheism” is for many people, a worldview in its own right; but asking that question can open up the conversation).
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3. Engage people’s honest questions
Don’t ignore objections. A few months ago I met Alex, a young university student, who introduced himself to me as an agnostic. “I used to be a Christian,” he explained, “but I was raised in a fundamentalist family.” Questions about religion were forbidden in his family and church. Alex began to read atheist books and eventually abandoned his faith.
“But you introduced yourself as an ‘agnostic,’ ” I said gently. “What happened?” Alex explained he attended a local atheist group, and discovered that they were, in his words, “fundamentalists too.” Questioning was not allowed there either. Alex told me he didn’t know what to believe or disbelieve any more. Then, he asked me if I thought he was lazy. I replied, “There are two types of agnostics. A lazy agnostic is somebody who can’t be bothered to find the answer to the God question. An active agnostic is genuinely searching for the answer, but just hasn’t found it yet.” We talked long into the evening and slowly began to deal with some of the questions Alex had buried for so long.

4. Know what the gospel really is
That sounds obvious, doesn’t it, but a good deal of our problems in the Church stem from forgetting. We’ve allowed the gospel to become tangled up with political positions, culture wars or moralism. As an atheist friend once put it to me, “I know what you Christians are against, but I have no idea what you’re for.” A brilliant, if tragic, observation.
Conclusion: Clearing the Ground
Ultimately, the task of apologetics is largely one of debris clearing: removing the obstacles so people can see Jesus clearly. Arguments can’t bring somebody to faith, but they can help create a climate in which faith is possible. Ultimately, what people need is not a clever argument, but to see the greatness and attractiveness of Jesus. Our task, and the task of apologetics, is simply to present Him as clearly as we can. And then get out of the way.


This was extracted from my longer article, ‘Apologetics Without Apology’, the cover story in the March/April 2015 edition of Faith Today magazine. You can read the full article online , or download a PDF of it here.

Why are Christians such homophobic bigots? | David Robertson

If someone holds to a traditional Christian understanding of sexuality, then they must be homophobic, right? It’s a charge that is constantly hurled at Christians these days, the most recent example being the UK media pressure on Tim Farron over the question of gay sex being sinful.  But is it true?  If you think that it is, how has that perception been formed?
David Robertson responds to the accusation with some thought provoking questions in this 4 minute long SHORT/ANSWERS episode 16.  For further reading, David has a more in-depth article on his blog, The Wee Flea: Is Gay Sex a Sin?

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Are you saying atheists can’t live good, meaningful lives? How dare you! | Andy Bannister

It’s one thing to *say* you believe something; another to live *consistently* with what you claim.
As SHORT/ANSWERS passes a viewing milestone, Andy Bannister responds to some questions our atheist friends have raised about some of our videos.  If you’re an atheist who believes in goodness, meaning, or human rights, Andy explains why your atheism is just about as shaky as flat earth theory and you need to come home to Jesus Christ.

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What is the evidence for the Resurrection? | Andy Bannister

Did Jesus really rise from the dead? The story of Jesus’ resurrection is central to Christianity but few people are aware that there are powerful historical reasons for believing in it. This Easter, perhaps the choice isn’t lazy skepticism or blind faith, but faith in the Jesus of history. This latest SHORT/ANSWERS episode will help you see Easter in a fresh light.

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Can life have meaning without God? | Andy Bannister

If there is no God, is life meaningless, purposeless, and without any point?
In this latest SHORT/ANSWERS video — and with help from Richard Dawkins of all people — Andy Bannister explores why life can’t have meaning without God.

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What are Human Rights based on?

Everybody is passionate about human rights, right? But what are human rights and why do we have them? And what’s the best basis for the belief in human rights and dignity—the atheist claim that we’re just atoms and particles, or the Biblical idea that humans beings bear the image of God? In this week’s Short Answers, Andy Bannister explores why what you believe about humans is entirely dependent on what you believe about God.

This video is used as part of the SU Scotland “Connect Groups Q&A” curriculum.

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How do we know what truth is? | David Robertson

How do we know what truth is? Do we live in an era when one person’s truth is just another’s post truth?  Is that even true? In episode #11 of SHORT/ANSWERS, David Robertson examines “post-truth,” the Oxford English Dictionary’s Word of the Year for 2016.

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Isn’t Religion Dangerous? | Gareth Black

Isn’t religion dangerous? Hasn’t it caused endless wars and violence?
In episode #10 of SHORT/ANSWERS, guest speaker Gareth Black from the Oxford Centre for Christian Apologetics tackles this question.

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Director’s Report – University Missions

These last few weeks it’s been exciting to walk onto university campus after university campus and to talk to thousands of students about Jesus and the gospel. We’re in the middle of university mission season and so far this year, David and I have been at Edinburgh University, Aberdeen University, Dundee University, Abertay University and, internationally, at five universities in Canada. Coming up later this month, I’ll be at Liverpool Hope University, one of two main speakers for their mission week.
A university mission week is an annual event where the Christian groups on campus come together to organise a week of events—usually centred around lunch-bar and evening talks. Christian students mobilise to saturate the campus in flyers and posters, invite their friends and drum up publicity, so that the talks are filled. We then take controversial, engaging topics, tackling questions that people are really asking. For example, at Edinburgh University I spoke on “Isn’t God Irrelevant in the 21st Century?” whilst at Aberdeen University my first talk was entitled “Many Paths, One God?”
Too often the church is perceived as being afraid of or not interested in people’s honest questions—but what we find in reality is that when you tackle them head on, answer them with clarity and compassion, then allow time for dialogue and Q&A, and finally show how the answer connects to the gospel and to Jesus, God often shows up in amazing ways.
At one mission week in January, as well as the regular talks, we also organised a dialogue with an atheist member of the Philosophy Department, one of the most well-known faculty members on campus. The Christian Unions partnered with the Secular Alliance to sponsor the event entitled “Is Christianity Irrational?” I had the privilege of addressing hundreds of young skeptics as the professor and I interacted and answered questions. Afterwards, we had many signing up for the follow-up courses.
One of the pressures that a secular society tries to assert is to encourage Christians to privatise our faith—to withdraw from the public square and to shrink our faith to something that has absolutely nothing to say to the worlds of education, or work, or politics. University missions are a great corrective, as they remind us that Christianity is a public truth claim—if the gospel is true, it effects everything, not just “my personal relationship with Jesus”. They also remind me that the gospel can stand up in the marketplace of ideas, in the very heart of our universities, and more than hold its own.
Whenever I do a university mission, what excites me is not just the examples of God at work in the lives of non-Christian students, but the way these mission weeks excite a passion for evangelism in the Christian students who get involved in them. I remember a student at a mission last year who began the week incredibly timid and shy. Mid week, she plucked up the boldness, with much encouragement from friends, to invite a non-Christian friend to a talk. Her friend came, listened, asked questions in the Q&A, then hung around afterwards and talked to the speaker for several hours. Later that same afternoon, her friend gave her life to Christ. I will never forget the joy on that student’s face as the realisation sunk in that God had worked so powerfully through her.
I often tell students that being a student is a wonderful time of life. (I loved it so much that I did a PhD and managed to remain a student, at least part-time, for ten years, by which point if I hadn’t graduated my wife would have bludgeoned me to death with a blunt object.) But being a student is also a time when you have to make some big choices, before work and life and family and money and everything else crowds in. Two choices in particular. How much time you will invest with God and how much time you invest into the lives of others. Your answers to those questions will ultimately determine the impact you make on your culture.
In a world desperate for answers, we need Christian men and women prepared to commit to Christ wholeheartedly, live boldly, give dangerously, think deeply and speak and live authentically. University missions offer an incredible opportunity to help students lay some strong foundations for this.

Who made God? | Andy Bannister

Who made God? That’s both a simple question and an incredibly profound question as it gets us quickly into some of the profound differences between Christianity and atheism. Not merely on the question of what the ultimate “it” is, but what that ultimate says about whether we humans have value and significance, or whether we are just cosmic debris. Watch Andy Bannister in episode #9 of Short Answers.

This video is used as part of the SU Scotland “Connect Groups Q&A” curriculum.

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Short Answers is a viewer-supported video series: if you enjoy them, please help us continue to make them by donating to Solas. Visit our Donate page and choose “Digital Media Fund” under the Campaign/Appeal button.